Its posterior surface forms a shallow groove for the ulnar nerve this is the nerve, that when bumped, is referred to as hitting the funny bone, while its anterior aspect serves as the muscle attachment site for the superficial flexor muscles of the. The medial epicondyle is the attachment site for the forearm muscles used in throwing and helps to stabilize the elbow during the throwing motion. Part of the upper arm bone, orhumerus, it occurs at the bottom of the bone where the humerus meets. This region articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna bone at the elbow joint. In addition, as showed in the scatter diagrams, data from segments that were more than 4 cm distal to the medial epicondyle of humerus were dispersed figure 1 and figure 2 indicating that data of segments that were more than 4 cm distal to the medial epicondyle of humerus were not stable and might be not reliable. Specifically, these extensor muscles include the anconeus muscle, the supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum. Detailed step by step description of orif screw fixation for extraarticular, avulsion of medial epicondyle located in our module on distal humerus with illustrations including patient positioning, approach and aftercare. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulderjoint, and is. The medial epicondyle is more prominent than the lateral epicondyle. The superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from the anterior surface of the medial. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, elbow joint statpearls ncbi. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral gh joint, and distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. The anterior oblique ligament originates from the anterior inferior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts onto the coronoid. It forms a prominent projection from the distal border of the medial supracondylar ridge.
Ucl attaches to the undersurface of the medial epicondyle, which forms a type of shelf that makes. Medial epicondyle of humerus the medial epicondyle creates a prominent, blunt protuberance on the medial side of the condyle and it, is the point where the medial border of the humerus terminates by curving marginally towards the back. A medial epicondyle fracture is an avulsion injury of the attachment of the common. The medial epicondyle on the humerus is located closet to the body when in the anatomical position and the trochlea on the humerus is located slightly laterally and inferior to the medial. Medial humeral condyle fracture clinical presentation. This may be easier to demonstrate on the contralateral, uninjured elbow and is difficult to appreciate in a swollen and injured limb. Medial epicondylitis tennis elbow information myvmc. Medial epi condylitis is also referred to as wrist flexor. Several controversies surround the evaluation and treatment of medial epicondyle fractures of the humerus in children. Attachment of medial collateral ligament component. The surgeon begins by making an incision along the arm over the medial epicondyle. Minimally invasive treatment of lateral ulnar collateral ligament. The surgical neck is frequently the site of fracture the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert on the greater tubercle. The ulnar part of the medial collateral ligament is also broader than the radial part.
The medial epicondyle is a blunt projection superomedial to the medial condyle, which forms at the end of the medial border of the humerus. The head of the humerus, covered with cartilage, articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint the anatomical neck marks the point of attachment of the joint capsule. The ulnar nerve crosses its smooth posterior surface and is palpable in this location. It is larger and further back on the bone than its counterpart the lateral epicondyle. The humerus is a bone of the arm that articulates proximally with the scapula to form the. Medial epicondylitis golfers elbow orthopedic surgery. Fractures of the distal humerus supracondylar fractures can injure the median nerve along with the brachial artery. The medial border extends from the lesser tubercle to the medial epicondyle. Upper arm and elbow knowledge for medical students and. Medial epicondyle definition of medial epicondyle by. In many children the ulnar nerve can sublux forwards onto, or anterior to, the medial epicondyle with elbow flexion. Part of the upper arm bone, or humerus, it occurs at the bottom of the bone where the humerus meets the ulna at the elbow.
The posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle accommodates as an attachment point for some of the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers of this hand. The bump on the side closest to the body is called the medial epi condyle, and the bump on the outer side of the elbow is called the lateral epicondyle. Lateral epicondyle is a rounded protuberance at the distolateral terminus of the humerus. It develops where tendons in the forearm muscle connect to the bony part on the inside of the elbow. What is an avulsion fracture of medial epicondyle answers. The medial epicondyle is a bony protrusion that can be felt on the inside part of the elbow.
Some of the muscles that flex the forearm, wrist, and fingers attach to the anterior surface of this marking. Medial epicondyle is a rounded projection at the distomedial end of the humerus. It is composed of the trochlea, capitulum, and medial and lateral epicondyles. Tendinosis at the medial epicondyle medial epicondylitis is called golfers elbow, while tendinosis at the lateral elbow lateral epicondylitis is. Medial condyle fractures involve a fracture line that extends through and separates the medial metaphysis and epicondyle from the rest of the humerus see image below. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck. Isolated fractures can occur secondary to direct trauma or avulsion forces. As with medial epicondylitis it typically occurs in the 4th to 5th decades of life. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus statpearls. Avulsion fracture of the medial and lateral epicondyles of. By definition, the fracture line must involve the trochlear articular surface.
Due to injury or irritation, they can become swollen and painful. As is well established, the medial epicondyle is the point of attachment for the medial collateral ligament and flexor and pronator musculature. Nonsurgical management with a plaster cast has been used for many years but nonunion and thus valgus instability has been observed in 60% of cases 1, 2 so that at present surgeons prefer. The anterior surface of the medial epicondyle provides origin sites for the following superficial muscles of. It is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. The most proximal portion of the humerus is the head of the humerus, which forms a ball and socket joint with the glenoid cavity on the scapula. The medial epicondyle is a blunt projection that forms the end of the medial border of the humerus. It develops where tendons in the forearm muscle connect to the bony part on the inside of the. Medial condyle fractures are intraarticular, extending into the elbow joint and require urgent open reduction and internal fixation orif. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus statpearls ncbi.
The medial epicondyle of the humerus is an epicondyle of the humerus bone of the upper arm in humans. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna. A commonly used surgery for golfers elbow is called a medial epicondyle release. Trochlea is a pulleyshaped formation located medial to the capitulum. The tendons of the muscles that work to bend your wrist attach at the medial epicondyle. The large, square caudodistal corner of the medial epicondyle of the humerus prevents the ulna from moving medially, whereas the rounded shape of the lateral epicondyle permits the anconeal process to clear the lateral epicondylar crest when the elbow is flexed more than 90 degrees. Pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis flexor carpi ulnaris anterior view medial epicondyle gives attachment to the common flexor origin 56. Hence the other term for it is medial epicondylitis since the common flexor attachment is involved due to the repetitive strain. It is still controversial whether fresh avulsion fractures of the medial or lateral epicondyle of the humerus in adults should be treated conservatively or surgically. Statistics on medial epicondylitis medial tennis elbow, golfers elbow golfers elbow is less common than tennis elbow. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called the ventral epicondyle of the humerus. Open medial epicondylar reduction and internal fixation.
The medial epicondyle is a particularly important landmark, as the ulnar nerve passes around its posterior aspect to enter the forearm it can easily be compressed or damaged at this location. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm extensor carpi. Pediatric medial epicondyle fractures are we there yet. The medial epicondyle gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin the common. Medial epicondyle gives attachment to the common flexor origin the following muscles attach here anterior view 55.
The distal meaning furthest from the body aspect of the humerus that forms the elbow is called the trochlea, which literally means pulley. The forehand muscles are attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a large, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament. Is the medial epicondyle adjacent to trochlea answers.
Medial epicondylitis golfers elbow is a type of tendinitis that affects the inside of the elbow. Arm a rounded projection of the distal humerus and point of attachment of the pronator teres, common tendon of origin for the long palmar, radial flexor of wrist, superficial flexor of finger and ulnar flexor of wrist, and the ulnar collateral ligament. Leg a rounded projection of the distal femur above the medial chondyle. It is important to distinguish a medial epicondyle fracture common from a medial condyle fracture very rare. The main difference between condyle and epicondyle is that condyle forms an articulation with another bone. Fractures of the medial epicondyle represent 11 to 20% of elbow fractures. Medial epicondyle of humerus musculoskeletal, skeletal. Detailed step by step description of open medial epicondylar reduction and internal fixation for m7m located in our module on pediatric distal humerus with illustrations including patient positioning, approach and aftercare. Learn more about the anatomy of the humerus in this anatomy tutorial. When medial luxations are seen, they are usually accompanied. The lower end of the humerus provides the following 7 features. Medial epicondylitis also known as golfers elbow is an angiofibroblastic tendinosis of the common flexor pronator tendon group of the elbow.
Medial epicondyle fractures of the humerus account for 1220% of pediatric elbow fractures. The humerus fans out distally to lateral and medial epicondyles that serve as attachment points for the collateral ligaments. The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles. The annular ligament has an additional attachment to the humeral epicondyle on. Medial epicondyle of the humerus common extensor tendon tennis elbow lateral. Lateral epicondyle of the humerus wikipedia republished.
Soft tissues are gently moved aside so the surgeon can see the point where the flexor tendon attaches to the medial epicondyle. Epidemiology it is less common than lateral epicondylitis. Medial epicondyle, a prominent projection on the medial side. Fifty percent of medial epicondyle fractures are associated with an elbow dislocation. Medial epicondyle apophysitis, often called little league elbow, is the most common injury affecting young baseball pitchers whose bones have not yet stopped growing. The ulnar nerve passes in a groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle. A new procedure for fractures of the medial epicondyle in. Medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus fracture clinics. It is located superomedially to the medial condyle.
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